The working principle of organic fertilizer equipment is based on three basic modes of action: physical, chemical, and biological. Through mechanical equipment simulation of traditional composting fermentation processes, it achieves rapid decomposition and transformation of organic materials. The following is a detailed description of the working principle of organic fertilizer equipment:
Physical effects:
Crushing: The raw materials first pass through organic fertilizer crushers, such as hammer crushers or roller crushers, to break large organic matter into small pieces, increase their surface area, and create favorable conditions for subsequent microbial decomposition.
Mixing: The crushed raw materials are thoroughly mixed with other materials (such as straw, cow manure, etc.) through mixing equipment such as screw conveyors or forced mixers to adjust the carbon nitrogen ratio and moisture content, providing a suitable environment for microbial activity.
Screening: The mixed materials pass through screening equipment, such as a vibrating screen, to remove unbroken large blocks of material and impurities, ensuring the homogeneity and purity of the raw materials.
Chemical action:
Adjusting pH value: By adding lime or other regulators, adjust the pH value of the raw material to the optimal range of microbial activity, usually between 6.5 and 8.0.
Redox reaction: Microorganisms engage in metabolic activities under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, generating heat, promoting the heating of raw materials, and accelerating the decomposition process. At the same time, microbial metabolites (such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.) participate in the chemical transformation of raw materials.
Enzymatic reaction: Enzymes secreted by microorganisms can catalyze the decomposition of organic substances, such as proteins being broken down into amino acids by proteases, and cellulose being broken down into simple sugars such as glucose by cellulases.
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Biological effects:
Microbial fermentation: During the composting process, a large number of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc.) reproduce and metabolize under suitable temperature, humidity, and pH conditions, breaking down complex organic matter into simple inorganic substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients.
Maturation of compost: As the fermentation process progresses, the temperature inside the pile gradually increases, and when it reaches a certain height, it will naturally decrease. This process is called "hot composting". In the hot reactor stage, high temperatures can kill pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs, while promoting microbial activity. When the temperature of the heap stabilizes at a lower level, it indicates that the fermentation process has entered the post ripening stage. At this time, the microbial activity in the heap weakens and the organic matter further stabilizes.
Control and optimization:
Temperature control: The temperature of the reactor body is monitored through a built-in temperature sensor, and the air flow is adjusted through a ventilation system to control the temperature of the reactor body within the optimal range of microbial activity.
Humidity control: By using a water spray system or adding hygroscopic materials, the appropriate humidity of the stack is maintained to maintain microbial activity.
Flipping mechanism: Regularly flipping to ensure oxygen supply inside the stack, promote uniform distribution of microorganisms, and remove accumulated water and gas.
Organic fertilizer equipment simulates the natural composting process to achieve rapid, efficient, and hygienic treatment of organic materials, producing high-quality organic fertilizers. This not only solves the problem of organic waste treatment, but also provides valuable organic fertilizer resources for agricultural production.
